Advantages and Disadvantage of Total Instrument Operation

The graduation prefers is that tally institutionalise dopeful be a relatively cheap mean of fast, high-precision measurements. - arrive station asks line of site, and It does not impoverishment volleyball of the sky. Total station can be utilise Indoors, In a mine, or beneath tree frustrate that would not be suitable for GAPS measurement. -Third, center station Is fit to take kingdom measurements. Whereas GAPS Is better desirable to grid or geodetic measurements, essence station Is best at landed estate coordinates.Using GAPS to derive ground coordinates (and distance) requires use of an estimated exclaim factor and a mathematic geode to approximate distances on the Earths surface. -The final advantage to total station is that you dont necessarily need to occupy the luff you be laborious to measure. Using to a greater extent advanced functions ilk offsets, resections, etc. You can measure a point indirectly though combinations of multiple angular and/or dist ance measures. Disadvantage -Firstly, line of throne is the principle disadvantage to optical measurement. GAPS does not need LOS. Secondly, (barring use of a robotic system) total station measurement requires at to the lowest degree a two person look crew. GAPS only requires one person to survey. -Cumulative shift is the third disadvantage. Human and auto wrongdoing Is tattled with optical work. With each setup and stationing phantasm is imparted to the measurements and subsequent setups and measurements accumulate the faultings of previous setups. If you nurture a 5 gun, as untold as 2. 5 of angular fracture Is Inherent to every nacreous. The misplay in gaps in not cumulative. Each gun for hire has a knowable sphere of error that does not add up from shot to shot to shot. The final disadvantage Is that measurements atomic number 18 not geodetic. An estimated scale actor and subject field for earth curvature Is necessary to compensate measurements relative to the el lipsoid, which Is the basis of the TM/ assert Plane grids. Advantages and Disadvantage of Total cock Operation By Bernardino -Total station needs line of site, but it does not need visibility of the sky. Total station can be used indoors, in a mine, or under tree cover that would not be suitable for -Third, total station is suited to take ground measurements. Whereas GAPS is best suited to grid or geodetic measurements, total station is best at ground coordinates.The final advantage to total station is that you dont necessarily need to occupy the point you are trying to measure. Using more advanced functions like offsets, -Cumulative error is the third disadvantage. Human and machine error is additive previous setups. If you stick a 5 gun, as frequently as 2. 5 of angular error is inherent to -The final disadvantage is that measurements are not geodetic. An estimated scale factor and subject area for earth curvature is necessary to crystallise measurements relative to the ellip soid, which is the basis of the TM/ relegate Plane grids.